Asir after the emergence of Islam

After the conquest of Mecca and Taif, delegations began to flock to the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace. Among these tribes was the Azd tribe that inhabited Sarat, where the delegation of Sarad bin Abdullah al-Azdi came in the tenth year of the Hijra, leading a delegation of his people to the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, to announce their Islam.

So he, may God bless him and grant him peace, commanded him to accept Islam from his people, and he went out to return to the city of Asir, which was It is known as Mikhlaf of Jerash when he, may God bless him and grant him peace, ordered them to return to the lands of Jerash to fight those who were not of the religion of Islam. He besieged it for about a month, and the matter ended with a reconciliation with those who had not converted to Islam to pay the jizya.

They succeeded in jihad against the polytheists and spread Islam in their homelands, and thus Sarrad bin Abdullah Al-Azdi was the first to take charge of the region after the emergence of Islam, following the command of the Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, to the people of Jerash and those around them, and he protected for them the protection of their homes, and they became part of the Islamic state during the era of the Messenger, may

God bless him and grant him peace.

The people of Jerash continued to defend the banner of Islam during the era of the Messenger, and after Abdullah bin Thawr assumed the Emirate of Jerash in the succession of the first Rightly Guided Caliph Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (11 AH / 632 AD - 13 AH / 634 AD), they fought with the Muslim armies any of the apostates during his reign, and they sought to consolidate the influence of Islam in the homelands.

They continued this approach during the era of the first Rightly Guided Caliphs (40 AH / 660 AD), and Abdullah bin Thawr continued as ruler of Jerash during the succession of Omar and the succession of Othman bin Affan, may God be pleased with them both.

They were among those who participated in the Islamic conquests, so they participated in the conquest of Iraq (So Saad left, intending to Iraq with four thousand mujahids from the people of Al-Sarat - Alma' - Bariq - Ghamid and the rest of their brothers ((1,700 mujahid)).

Likewise, in the era of the Umayyad dynasty (40 AH / 660 AD - 132 AH / 749 AD), when the Asir Region became affiliated with Mecca during the Umayyad era, the Asir tribes participated in many Islamic conquests in Egypt, Morocco, Andalusia, India, and Sindh. Some of those who went out in the conquests were not satisfied with participating and then returning to their original homelands, but rather they settled in the various Islamic cities.

Then the Asirs lived a safe life in their regions under the Abbasid Caliphate, and when the Abbasid state weakened, the Asir region moved to the rule of the Tulunid state from the year 274 to 293 AH (887 - 905 AD). But it returned to Abbasid rule from 293 to 330 AH (905-941 AD). Then the Ikhshidids took over its command until 363 AH (973 AD), then the Fatimids until 463 AH (1070 AD).

When the Qarmatian strife broke out, the people of Asir confronted them, and after many battles, especially the Battle of Bishah, they turned them back, and the Qarmatians fled to Yemen in the year 452 AH (1060 AD). Asir also stood, under the leadership of its prince Suleiman bin Musa, in the face of the Ghaz tribes that apostatized from Mecca and Jeddah and arrived in the land of Bani Shahr in the year 551 AH (1156 AD).

It was subject to the rule of the Ayyubids from the year 567-626 AH (1171-1229 AD).

After that, it was ruled by a number of princes and sheikhs until the year 923 AH (1517 AD), when the Mamluks ruled it.

After the emergence of the reform call carried out by Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab in Najd, some of the princes and reformers there embraced the principles of this call, which spread in the southwest of the Arabian Peninsula in the year 1213 AH (1798 AD), and they joined the first Saudi state in the year 1215 AH (1800 AD), where Asir princes from the Al-Mutahmi family ruled until the year 1233 AH (1817 AD).

When the invasions of Muhammad Ali Pasha, the governor of Egypt, came in the year 1226 AH (1810 AD) and the House of Saud was busy repelling them, some sheikhs in Tihama seized the opportunity and declared themselves princes over it. Some areas in Asir and Tihama pledged allegiance, and they fought the Turks and were victorious over them several times.

Then Sharif Muhammad bin Aoun, the prince of Mecca, seized it with an Egyptian army and it became subordinate to Muhammad Ali, who rose in the year 1234 AH (1818 AD) with a new campaign against Tihama and defeated its princes in the town of Abu Arish, east of Jizan in the region of Al-Mikhlaf Al-Sulaymani.

He captured the sheikhs who were hostile to him and handed over the emirate of Tihama to his truce, but the emirate was not spared from the invasions of the Asir princes and the Yam tribes.

In the year 1228 AH (1822 AD), one of the princes of Asir, Saeed bin Muslat al-Mughaidi, revolted against the garrison of Sharif Muhammad bin Aoun in Wadi Tabab, expelled its commander, and took power. The Bani Mughaid tribe controlled Asir for nearly a century, and one of its most prominent men was Ali bin Mujthal al-Mughaidi, who was known for his support of Islam and his service to it. Then Asir was ruled by princes from the Mar’i family.

After them, it was ruled by Hassan bin Ali bin Ayed, the Emir of Abha, who entered into a fight with Muhammad bin Ali Al-Idrisi until the year 1338 AH (1919 AD) when God appointed for this country someone who would gather its fragments and unite its lands, unifying the Arabian Peninsula, His Majesty King Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud, may God rest his soul.

King Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud sent an army to Asir, which took control of it, and Prince Faisal bin Abdul Aziz Abha entered.

In 1340 AH (1921 AD), Hassan bin Ayed surrendered without resistance, and thus the Asir Region became part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Asir Region was the first building block outside the Najd region in building the large entity of comprehensive political unity that later became the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It was the cornerstone in completing the construction of this large entity.

Its strategic location and its human and economic potential qualified it for this position.

In the economic concepts of the pre-oil period, Asir was much richer than the Najd and Hijaz regions.

It had the ability to meet the needs of its residents in terms of their basic needs of life, as about 85% of the population worked in agriculture in addition to raising livestock, distributed among 3,567 villages, as the general census of the Kingdom in 1394 AH showed, and internal trade was active, as there were in the Asir Region in its current administrative form 76 weekly markets, and it had trade relations with the Hijaz and Yemen, as well as with the

Najd region, and the Hijaz was dependent on what it received from it.

Asir agricultural products since ancient times According to the documentary sources of King Abdulaziz’s correspondence as an important and sole source, the importance of the role played by the Asir region in supporting the state’s public treasury, supplying and supporting the army of King Abdulaziz, may God rest his soul, during the conquest of Hijaz, supplying and supporting the military campaigns to unify the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the

Saudi-Yemeni war, is clear.

Documentary sources estimated the tribal army from the Asir Region that contributed to the unification of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as follows: (90) From Banu Mughid, led by its prince, Ibn Mufreh. (250) From the Rijal Almaa tribe, led by its prince, Hassan bin Abdul Mutali. (140) from Bani Shahr, led by Shaker Al-Asbli. (200) from the Shahran tribe, led by its prince Saeed bin Mushayt. (62) From the Bani Malik tribe, led by its prince, Ali bin Maadi.

(61) From the Alkam tribe, led by its prince Ayed bin Hamed.

(59) From the Rabi`a and Rafidah tribe, led by its Emir, Abd al-Wahhab al-Mutahmi. (75) From the Ballasmar tribe, led by its prince, Bin Jarman. (75) From the Ballahmar tribe, led by their deputies. As for the army of the Qahtan tribe, there was mention of their participation, without mentioning the number of participants.

After King Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud, may God have mercy on him, was able to unite the parties of the peninsula under the banner of monotheism, and build the large entity of comprehensive political unity that later became the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, he began to establish systems for the modern state to complete the construction of this entity according to the requirements of the need, and to organize business, and for this purpose, the

Kingdom was divided administratively into emirates.

The Asir Region Emirate was established in 1338 AH during the founding of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the city of Abha. King Abdul Aziz appointed each of these emirates as a prince to rule them before him, and a number of princes have succeeded the Asir Region since the unification of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Princes of Asir Region since the founding of the Kingdom Ruler's name period of his reign Duration of his reign comments 1 Shwish bin Dwaihi 1338 - 1339 AH Eleven months isolation 2 Abdullah bin Suwailem 1339-1340 AH Nine months isolation 3 Fahd bin Abdul Karim Al-Uqaili 1340 - 1340 AH A few months isolation 4 Saad bin Afaisan 1340 - 1342 AH Two years He died 5 Muhammad bin Saad bin Najifan 1342 - 1342 AH Acting for three months 6 Abdul Aziz bin Ibrahim

Al-Ibrahim 1342 - 1343 AH A few months 7 Abdullah bin Ibrahim Al-Askar 1343- 1352 AH decade transfer 8

Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah Al-Askar 1352-1353 AH One year By proxy 9 Turki bin Ahmed bin Muhammad Al-Sudairi 1353 - 1371 AH Nineteen years transfer 10 Turki bin Mohammed bin Madi 1371 - 1385 AH Fourteen years He died 11 Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Madi 1385 - 1392 AH Seven years 12 Prince Khaled Al-Faisal bin Abdul Aziz 1392 - 1428 AH Thirty-six years transfer 13 Prince Faisal bin Khaled bin Abdulaziz 1429-1440 AH Fourteen years Excuse me 14 Prince Turki bin Talal bin

Abdulaziz 1440 - until now